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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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hub_fie.cxt
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00036_Field_frep21.txt
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1996-12-30
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All this movement is directed
by the brain. Each eye muscle is
made to contract by the firing of
motor neurons in a part of the
brain called the brain-stem. To
each of the twelve muscles
there corresponds a small
cluster of a few hundred motor
neurons in the brainstem.
These clusters are called
oculomotor nuclei. Each motor
neuron in an oculomotor
nucleus supplies a few muscle
fibers in an eye muscle. These
motor neurons in turn receive
inputs from other excitatory
fibers. To obtain a movement
such as convergence of the
eyes, we would like to have
these antecedent nerves send
their axon branches to the
appropriate motor neurons,
those supplying the two
internal recti. A single such
antecedent cell could have its
axon split, with one branch
going to one oculomotor
nucleus and the other to its
counterpart on the other side.
At the same time we need to
have another antecedent nerve
cell or cells, whose axons have
inhibitory endings, supply the
motor neurons to the external
recti to produce just the right
amount of relaxation. We would
like both antecedent sets of
cells to fire together, to produce
the contraction and relaxation
simultaneously, and for that we
could have one master cell or
group of cells, at still another
stage back in the nervous
system, excite both groups. This
is one way in which we can get
coordinated movements
involving many muscles.
Practically every movement
we make is the result of many
muscles contracting together
and many others relaxing.